One further step taken by the United States to undermine the financial frameworks associated with the WTO is the instrumentalization of international law itself to that end. This development is particularly striking because it involves leveraging the very legal mechanisms that were originally designed to construct and safeguard the institutional foundations upon which the WTO rests.

On the eve of the civil war, Syria was a lower-middle-income country with steady growth and relatively stable macroeconomic indicators. Between 2000 and 2010, real GDP grew by an average of 4.8 percent annually, inflation averaged 4.9 percent. Trade accounted for 64 percent of GDP, and GDP per capita stood at 2,731 dollars in 2010.

Bazı ülkeler sanayiyle, bazıları ticaretle, bazılarıysa tarımla anılır. Ama Hollanda, bu üç alanda da derinleşmeyi başarabilen nadir yerlerden birisi. Küçük yüzölçümüne rağmen uzun zamandır Avrupa’nın geleneksel ticaretinde önemli rol almış olan Hollanda, ekonomik başarısını şimdi çiplerle, lazerlerle ve veri akışıyla sürdürüyor.

Trump’ın ikinci döneminde ABD’de uygulanmaya başlayan gümrük tarifeleri, şirketlerin işleyişine doğrudan müdahaleler ve stratejik sektörlerde devletin fiilen ortak konuma gelmesi, kapitalizmin merkezinde radikal bir dönüşümün işaretleri olarak karşımıza çıkıyor.

When technological determinism intersects with realpolitik, Cold War-era modalities of power projection are replaced by a new foundation of dominance – one built on emerging technologies and digital ecosystems. Over the years, BRICS countries have come to terms with the fact that control over critical technologies is crucial for securing as well as asserting power on the international stage.

ABD Başkanı Donald Trump, 2 Nisan 2025 tarihinde yaptığı açıklamayla “Amerikan Ekonomik Bağımsızlık Günü” ilan ettiklerini duyurdu. Trump bu kararı bir zafer gibi sunarken, dünya piyasaları ve birçok uzman için artık bu tarih, küresel ticaret savaşlarının resmi başlangıcı olarak kabul ediliyor.

This study evaluates, through long-term projections to 2053, the potential impact of increased EV penetration on Turkey’s energy landscape. It provides a comparative assessment of how changes in the share of EVs within the total vehicle fleet, across several scenario frameworks, could influence fuel demand and petroleum import volumes. A second, closely related objective is to measure the scale of Turkey’s oil dependency in order to establish a basis for examining its policy implications.

The Turkey–EU Customs Union, established in 1995, has been a defining feature of trade relations between Turkey and the European Union. Over the past three decades, the global economic landscape has evolved significantly, necessitating a modernization of the agreement to address new trade realities, regulatory developments, and emerging geopolitical challenges.

This report focuses on Turkey's prominence as an emerging market for cocaine trafficking and organized crime in the last decade. Cocaine production in Latin America has dramatically increased since 2013, and Turkey’s status as an emerging market has attracted the attention of Latin American government officials on the front lines of the cocaine trade.

This report sets out to provide a comprehensive analysis of the tactics employed by the Erdoğan administration to achieve repressive goals abroad and the vulnerabilities and how they are enabled by the AML and CFT regulation in place.