Evolution of Erdoğan's Victory Speeches From 2002 To 2023

Videos showed fighting erupting in residential areas as civilians fled en masse, while green buses later transported defeated fighters out of the city under a mediated evacuation arrangement. The Aleppo clashes in early January 2026 brought back grim memories of Syria's civil war, even as the new government in Damascus, led by President Ahmad al-Sharaa, claimed another military win against the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in Aleppo.

Turkey’s Syria policy is often portrayed as a case of foreign policy failure driven by ideology. According to this view, Ankara abandoned realism in favor of Islamist enthusiasm during the Arab Spring and later returned to pragmatism after paying significant political and strategic costs. While this narrative highlights an important shift, it relies on a simplified understanding of the relationship between ideas and foreign policy.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was cordially received by U.S. President Donald Trump at the White House on September 25. Progovernment media celebrated the Oval Office meeting with U.S. President Donald Trump as a diplomatic success that might reset troubled U.S.-Turkey relations. Yet, instead of opening a new page with Washington, Erdoğan’s visit unexpectedly highlighted something else: the question of succession and the rivalries within his own circle.